Tpoics for discussion: They say that mass-media has become faulty. Do you agree with this opinion?

Mass media plays a crucial role in modern society. It informs people, shapes opinions, and provides entertainment. However, many people argue that mass media has become faulty, meaning that it does not always serve these purposes effectively or truthfully. I agree with this opinion to a certain extent, and I will explain why.

One reason people believe mass media is faulty is the spread of misinformation. In recent years, social media platforms and online news sources have accelerated the sharing of news, but not all of this information is accurate. Sometimes, articles are based on rumours or incorrect data, and they can reach millions of people very quickly. For example, during elections or health crises, false information can create panic or influence decisions unfairly. Traditional media, such as television and newspapers, also sometimes report biased news depending on political or financial interests. This situation reduces people's trust in what they read or watch.

Another problem is the focus on entertainment rather than education or important news. Many television channels and online platforms prefer to show sensational stories or celebrity gossip because they attract more viewers. While these topics can be fun, they often overshadow serious issues, such as climate change, social injustice, or international conflicts. When the audience mainly receives entertainment-focused content, they can lose awareness of important matters happening in the world. This imbalance between entertainment and meaningful news makes mass media seem less reliable or responsible.

However, it is not entirely correct to say that mass media always fails. In many cases, professional journalists and researchers work hard to provide accurate and useful information. Investigative journalism has exposed corruption, human rights violations, and environmental problems, helping society become more informed and demanding change. Moreover, new technologies allow people to access a wide range of media sources from different countries and perspectives. This variety can help readers and viewers cross-check information and make better judgments.

In addition, mass media is only partly responsible for its problems. Audience behavior also plays a role. Some people prefer stories that confirm their opinions rather than challenge them, creating a demand for biased or sensational news. In this sense, media organizations may respond to public preferences to maintain viewership, which partly explains the faults in mass media.

In conclusion, I agree that mass media has become faulty in some ways, especially because of misinformation, biased reporting, and the prioritization of entertainment over important news. Nevertheless, media still has the potential to educate, inform, and inspire change, especially when people seek reliable sources and critically evaluate the information they receive. Society should encourage responsible journalism and teach individuals how to think critically about the news. By doing this, mass media can regain its role as a trustworthy source of information and a tool for positive influence.

1. What forms of mass-media do you know?

Mass media are the main ways people get information and entertainment. The most traditional forms are newspapers and magazines, which provide detailed articles and analysis. Television combines sound and images, making it a powerful tool for news and culture. Radio is still popular for music, talk shows, and quick updates. In recent years, the internet has become the fastest-growing form, offering social media, online news, and streaming services. Each type has its advantages: print is reliable, TV is visual, radio is portable, and the internet is interactive. Together, they shape how we see and understand the world.

2. What sources of information do you find reliable?

In today’s world, we are surrounded by information, but not all of it is trustworthy. Personally, I find reliable sources to be those that are well-researched, transparent, and unbiased. For example, reputable news websites, academic journals, and official government reports usually provide verified facts. I also trust books written by experts in their fields, as they often include references and evidence. On the other hand, I am careful with social media, because it can spread rumors quickly. In my opinion, checking several sources before believing something is essential. After all, critical thinking is the best tool for finding the truth.

3. What is the role of mass-media in the upbringing of young generation?

Mass media plays a significant role in shaping the values and behavior of the younger generation. Through television, social networks, and online platforms, young people receive information about culture, current events, and social norms. Media can educate by providing knowledge about important issues, encouraging creativity, and promoting critical thinking. However, it can also influence negatively, spreading unrealistic ideals or harmful content. Therefore, guidance from parents and educators is essential to help children interpret media messages wisely. Overall, responsible media consumption can support personal growth, social awareness, and moral development, making it a powerful factor in upbringing.

Topics for discussion: Imagine that you have two children. Your friend needs a piece of advice on parenting. What would you recommend?

Parenting is a journey full of joy, challenges, and learning. Imagine that I have two children. Each day brings new experiences, from their first words to their growing independence. As a parent, I have learned that understanding, patience, and love are essential. If my friend asked me for advice on raising children, I would share some important recommendations, based on my experience and research.

The first recommendation I would give is to listen to your children. Children, even from a very young age, have feelings, thoughts, and opinions. When we listen to them, we show that their opinions matter. For example, my older child often wants to explain why they feel upset or how their day went at school. By listening carefully, I can understand their emotions and give the proper guidance. Listening also encourages children to communicate openly, which is vital for building trust between parents and kids.

Second, I would recommend being consistent with rules and routines. Children feel safer when they know what to expect, and consistent routines help develop good habits. For instance, having a fixed time for homework, meals, and bedtime makes children more responsible and organized. It is also important that rules are reasonable and explained clearly. My younger child sometimes struggles with completing chores, but when I consistently explain the importance of helping around the house, they gradually accept responsibility and learn self-discipline.

Another essential piece of advice is to show love and appreciation. Children need to feel secure and valued. Simple gestures, such as saying "I am proud of you" or hugging them after a good effort, have a big impact. In my family, I try to celebrate small achievements as much as big milestones. This not only motivates children but also strengthens the emotional bond between us. Love and positive reinforcement can guide behavior better than punishment alone.

It is also important to encourage independence and decision-making. Children should have opportunities to make choices and learn from the results. For example, allowing them to choose clothes or plan a short activity helps them feel confident and responsible. Both of my children appreciate when I trust them to make small decisions; it builds self-esteem and problem-solving skills. However, guidance is necessary, especially when the decisions involve safety or responsibility.

Finally, I would suggest that my friend take care of themselves as a parent. Parenting can be tiring and sometimes stressful. Parents need time to rest, pursue hobbies, and maintain social connections. When parents feel well and happy, they are more patient and supportive toward their children. I have noticed that when I take a little time for myself, I am calmer and more focused when spending quality moments with my children.

In conclusion, parenting requires a balance of love, structure, guidance, and self-care. Listening, consistency, affection, encouraging independence, and personal well-being are key points that can help any parent raise confident, happy, and respectful children. Sharing experiences, being open to learning, and adapting to each child’s unique personality will make the parenting journey enjoyable and rewarding. My advice to any friend would be to nurture a loving environment while guiding children with care and patience. These principles help build strong family bonds and prepare children to grow into responsible and caring adults.

1. Is it always effective when both parents practise the same parenting style? 

It is not always effective when both parents practise the same parenting style. While consistency can provide children with clear rules and expectations, it may also create limitations. For example, if both parents are very strict, children might feel pressured and stressed. On the other hand, if both parents are permissive, children may lack boundaries and develop poor self-discipline. Effective parenting often benefits from a balance, where parents complement each other’s strengths. Cooperation, communication, and adapting to a child’s needs are crucial. Therefore, the best results arise not from identical styles but from supportive, flexible, and coordinated parenting approaches.

2. What parenting practices do you find useless? 

Some parenting practices seem useless because they do not help children grow responsibly. For example, constantly giving material rewards for simple tasks can make children expect prizes for everything, reducing motivation. Others, like harsh punishments for minor mistakes, often create fear instead of understanding. Overprotecting children can also be counterproductive, as they miss chances to learn independence and solve problems. Similarly, comparing children with peers can harm self-esteem without encouraging improvement. Positive guidance, patience, and communication usually work better. Effective parenting focuses on teaching responsibility, respect, and resilience rather than using coercive or material-based methods that offer little long-term benefit.

3. How do children learn social norms and rules in the family?

Children learn social norms and rules in the family through daily interactions and observations. Parents and older siblings act as role models, demonstrating behaviors like respect, honesty, and cooperation. Children receive guidance through explanations, storytelling, and everyday conversations which clarify expectations. Rules are reinforced with consistent consequences, encouraging understanding of right and wrong. Celebrations, chores, and shared mealtimes provide practical experiences where children practice manners, sharing, and patience. Over time, these repeated experiences help children internalize societal norms, preparing them to interact respectfully and responsibly outside the family. Learning is gradual but continuous.

Topics for discussion: Sometimes friends are closer than relatives, aren’t they?

Friendship and family are two of the most important parts of our lives. Family is often considered the foundation of support, love, and guidance. Relatives are people we are born into a relationship with, and ideally, they provide care and security. Friends, on the other hand, are people we choose to connect with based on shared interests, trust, and understanding. Many people argue that sometimes friends can be closer than relatives. This idea may surprise some, but there are many reasons why it can be true.

First, friends are chosen, and that makes the bond unique. Family ties are given by birth, so sometimes people stay in touch only out of obligation. In contrast, friendship is voluntary. We spend time with people who make us feel comfortable, appreciated, and accepted. This voluntary nature of friendship can create a strong emotional connection that is sometimes deeper than family bonds, especially when family relationships are strained or distant.

Second, friends often understand us better in certain situations. With friends, we share our thoughts, dreams, and worries freely. In some families, cultural or generational differences may make it harder to relate to relatives. Friends, however, may have similar lifestyles, interests, or problems, which makes conversations more relatable and advice more meaningful. For example, a teenager might feel embarrassed talking about school pressures to parents but can openly discuss them with close friends who understand the situation firsthand.

Third, friends can provide support when relatives are temporarily absent or unavailable. In life, people move, change jobs, or experience circumstances that make family contact difficult. Friends can step in to offer emotional support, companionship, and practical help. College students often discover that their peers become like a second family, helping them adjust to a new environment. Even in adulthood, friends often play a central role in personal milestones such as weddings, births, or career challenges. This support can sometimes surpass the attention or involvement of relatives, especially when families live far apart or are emotionally distant.

However, it is important to acknowledge that family connections usually last a lifetime. Relatives may provide support in emergency situations, financial help, or long-term care that friends cannot. But emotional closeness does not always depend on family. Life experiences can create friendships that feel like true family, and bonds can grow stronger over time because they are freely chosen rather than given.

In conclusion, while relatives are important for stability and long-term support, friends can be closer in emotional terms because of choice, understanding, and shared experiences. Emphasizing friendship does not mean devaluing family; it simply recognizes the special role friends can play in our lives. Indeed, sometimes friends are closer than relatives, and this is a natural and valuable part of human relationships. The closeness depends on trust, empathy, and experience rather than mere blood relations, proving that emotional bonds are not always dictated by family ties.

1. Which traits of your friend’s character can you put up with?

Friendship is about understanding and accepting someone, even if they have some habits that are not perfect. I can put up with my friend’s occasional lateness because they are otherwise reliable and kind. I also tolerate their love for joking around, even when it can be irritating, because it makes our time together fun. Sometimes, they can be stubborn, but I know this comes from their strong beliefs and courage. Being patient with these traits helps me appreciate their loyalty and honesty. True friendship means valuing a person as a whole, not just the easy parts.

2. What is your attitude to friendship in social networks?

Friendship in social networks has both positive and negative aspects. I think it helps people stay connected, especially when friends live far away. Social media allows us to share experiences, photos, and ideas quickly. However, online friendships can sometimes be superficial because people may show only the best parts of their lives. It is easy to feel lonely even with many online friends. I believe that social networks should complement real-life relationships, not replace them. True friendship needs trust, support, and personal contact, which cannot always be fully achieved online. Balance is the key to maintaining meaningful connections.

3. What is the difference between a friend and an acquaintance?

The difference between a friend and an acquaintance is mainly about closeness and trust. An acquaintance is someone you know casually, like a colleague or a neighbour. You might talk with them sometimes, but you do not share personal experiences or feelings. A friend, however, is someone you trust and spend time with regularly. Friends support each other in difficult times, share secrets, and enjoy activities together. While acquaintances are polite and friendly, friends form a deeper emotional connection. Building friendships takes time and effort, unlike acquaintanceships, which can be brief and surface-level. True friendship brings comfort, loyalty, and understanding.

COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS ASSESSMENT 11th grade 2025/2026

1. Mastering a foreign language is a time-consuming process, isn’t it? 

2. Imagine that you have two children. Your friend needs a piece of advice on parenting. What would you recommend? 

3. Someone once said: “Do what you love and love what you do.” How do you understand this logic? 

4. They say that repetition is the mother of learning. Do you agree? 

5. A great person said: “I haven’t failed, I have had 10 000 ideas that didn’t work.” How do you understand this logic? 

6. Imagine that you have a chance to contribute to the development of Belarus today. What would you do? 

7. Many people say that the Belarusians stand out from the crowd. What do they mean? 

8. Imagine that you have a chance to shoot a film about art. What is it going to be about? 

9. Imagine that you are going to write a book about happy marriage. What would be the main message of it? 

10. A wise person once said: “Home is not a place… It’s a feeling.” How can you explain this opinion? 

11. Do you agree that knowledge is power? 

12. There are outstanding people in every country, aren’t there? 

13. Imagine that you are to give an interview about art and its role in the upbringing of young people. What would you pay attention to? 

14. A wise man said: “By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.” What exactly was meant by this idea? 

15. Modern technologies are everywhere nowadays, aren’t they? 

16. Does tourism help preserve cultures or contribute to their commercialization? 1. Can virtual tourism ever replace real experiences? 

17. Do you agree that architecture belongs to the world of art? 

18. Modern technologies cause ecological problems, don’t they? 

19. They say that scientific discoveries challenge our understanding of reality. What do they mean? 

20. Some educators suppose that mass media is a perfect tool for education in the digital age. Do you agree with this opinion? 

21. Imagine that you are an experienced self-learner willing to share your progress with friends. What achievements would you mention? 

22. They say that it is impossible to be independent of society. Elaborate on this idea. 

23. Imagine that you are a historian describing the sociocultural portrait of Belarus. What key would you mention? 

24. They say that Belarusian cultural events help preserve and promote national identity. Do you agree with this opinion? 

25. Experts believe that school curricula should pay more attention to Belarusian heroes in order to strengthen our national pride. Elaborate on this idea.

Topics for discussion: Mastering a foreign language is a time-consuming process, isn’t it?

Mastering a foreign language is indeed a time-consuming process, and anyone who has tried to learn a new language can confirm this. It is not something that can be achieved overnight or even within a few months; it requires dedication, patience, and continuous practice. However, the effort invested in learning a language is worthwhile because it opens up personal, professional, and cultural opportunities that would otherwise remain inaccessible.

Firstly, learning a foreign language involves understanding its grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and idiomatic expressions. These elements are interconnected, and to master them, one must practice consistently. For example, building vocabulary requires repeated exposure to new words and phrases through reading, listening, and speaking. Grammar rules, on the other hand, need to be applied correctly in writing and conversation, which takes time to internalize. Pronunciation, especially in languages with sounds not present in the learner's native language, demands regular speaking practice and feedback from teachers or native speakers.

Secondly, mastering a language also includes developing listening and speaking skills, which can be particularly challenging. Understanding spoken words in real conversations is not always easy because native speakers often speak quickly and use slang or colloquial expressions. Listening practice through songs, podcasts, or movies can help, but it requires dedication and time. Speaking fluently involves both using vocabulary accurately and constructing sentences correctly while maintaining proper pronunciation. This mastery cannot be rushed, as it is achieved gradually through continuous interaction and communication.

Furthermore, cultural understanding is an essential part of learning a language. Knowing a language well means understanding the customs, traditions, and social behaviors of the people who speak it. Cultural nuances, like gestures, humor, and politeness, play a significant role in effective communication and cannot be fully grasped in a short period. Over time, learners begin to appreciate cultural differences, making their language skills not just accurate but also contextually appropriate.

Despite the challenges, there are strategies to make the learning process more manageable. Setting realistic goals, practicing a little every day, and using technology such as language apps or online conversation partners can support progress. Immersive experiences, such as traveling to a country where the language is spoken, can accelerate learning by providing an opportunity to practice naturally. Importantly, learners should not fear making mistakes because errors are a natural part of the learning process.

In conclusion, mastering a foreign language is undoubtedly a time-consuming process that requires effort, practice, and patience. However, the rewards are significant, ranging from better career prospects to richer personal experiences. While it may be a long journey, with consistent practice and effective learning strategies, anyone can achieve proficiency in a new language and enjoy the many benefits it brings. Investing time in language learning is not just about speaking fluently; it is also about understanding a new culture and connecting with people on a deeper level.

1. It is never too late to learn foreign languages, is it?

Yes, it is never too late. People can begin learning a new language at any stage, from childhood to late adulthood. Success depends more on motivation, practice, and the learning strategies used than age itself. Adults can learn new languages effectively because the brain remains plastic throughout life, allowing it to form new neural connections. Research shows that language learning in adulthood improves brain function and enhances communication between neural cells. While children may learn pronunciation more naturally, adults often excel at understanding grammar, memorizing vocabulary, and applying  knowledge in practical situations.

2. Can we do without revision when studying?

Revision is essential in language learning because it reinforces memory, ensures long-term retention, and helps turn newly learned vocabulary and grammar into usable skills. What you learn today builds the foundation for what you will understand and produce tomorrow.

Without regular review, studies show that both vocabulary and grammar are easily forgotten due to the brain’s natural tendency to lose unused information. This phenomenon is often summarized by the “use it or lose it” principle, meaning that skills and knowledge decay without active practice. Revision strengthens memory: it helps transfer new words and grammar rules from short-term to long-term memory. Using techniques like spaced repetition, flashcards, and reviewing notes ensures that the material is reinforced.

Revision improves fluency and confidence: regularly revisiting previously learned material helps learners speak and write more confidently, reducing hesitation when forming sentences in real time.

3. What is your key to success in language learning?

A key to success in language learning is consistency paired with active engagement. This includes regularly practicing listening, speaking, reading, and writing, immersing oneself in the language environment, and using various resources such as conversations, media, and vocabulary exercises. Additionally, setting clear, achievable goals and staying motivated helps maintain progress.

Topics for discussion: Healthy lifestyle is the key to success, isn’t it?

A healthy lifestyle is often seen as an important factor for achieving success in life. People say that when we eat well, exercise regularly, and take care of our mental health, we feel more energetic, motivated, and productive. But is a healthy lifestyle truly the key to success, or is it just one of the many factors that can help us reach our goals?

Firstly, physical health plays an essential role in our daily lives. Regular exercise improves our strength, endurance, and overall energy. It is also a good way to prevent diseases and maintain a strong immune system. Without a healthy body, it is difficult to focus on work or studies. For example, a student who sleeps well, eats nutritious food, and does some sports is generally able to concentrate better on lessons and exams. Similarly, an employee who maintains physical fitness is less likely to get tired quickly and can perform professional tasks with higher efficiency. This shows that physical health is closely connected to the ability to succeed in various areas of life.

Mental health is another crucial aspect of a healthy lifestyle. Stress, anxiety, and negative emotions can affect our concentration and decision-making. People who practice relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or simply enjoying hobbies often feel happier and more confident. Mental stability makes it easier to set goals, plan actions, and solve problems. Therefore, individuals with good mental health are often better prepared to face challenges and achieve their ambitions. Success is not only about completing tasks but also about keeping a positive attitude and staying motivated, which a balanced lifestyle can support.

Nutrition is equally important. Eating balanced meals with fruits, vegetables, and proteins fuels the body and mind, promoting better cognitive function. Poor diet can lead to fatigue and lack of concentration, reducing productivity. Students, athletes, and professionals all benefit from healthy eating habits because they supply energy for learning, training, and working. This shows that what we consume has a direct impact on our performance.

However, success also depends on other factors apart from a healthy lifestyle. Hard work, determination, creativity, and opportunity are all essential. There are successful people who may not live perfectly healthy lifestyles and yet achieve great results because of their talents or circumstances. For instance, some artists or entrepreneurs might work long hours with irregular meals, but their dedication and vision allow them to succeed. Therefore, while health contributes to success, it is not the only key.

In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle provides a strong foundation for success. Physical fitness, balanced nutrition, and mental well-being enhance our energy, focus, and resilience. These qualities help people perform better in studies, work, and daily life. However, success is also shaped by personal effort, perseverance, and opportunities. Thus, a healthy lifestyle is perhaps not the single key to success, but it is certainly an important one that supports and strengthens our chances of achieving our goals. Taking care of both body and mind makes it easier to face challenges and reach personal achievements in a meaningful and sustainable way.

1. What healthy habits do you have?

I try to maintain several healthy habits in my daily life. I follow a balanced diet, including plenty of fruits and vegetables, and I drink enough water every day. I exercise regularly, going for walks or doing fitness workouts at least three times a week. I also make sure to get enough sleep, usually seven to eight hours each night. In addition, I try to manage stress by practicing meditation and spending time with friends and family. These habits help me feel energetic and focused throughout the day.

2. What unhealthy habits do you want to break?

I have a few unhealthy habits that I would like to improve. Sometimes I spend too much time on my phone or social media, which affects my productivity. I also tend to eat snacks or sweets when I am stressed, even though they are not good for my health. Another habit I want to break is staying up late at night, which makes it difficult to wake up early. I am working on replacing these habits with healthier alternatives, like reading books or doing a short workout instead of scrolling on my phone.

3. What is the difference between physical and psychological health?

Physical health refers to the condition of the body and how well it functions. It includes things like having strong muscles, good cardiovascular health, proper nutrition, and enough sleep. Psychological health, also called mental health, relates to the mind and emotions. It involves managing stress, having positive relationships, feeling motivated, and being able to cope with challenges. Both kinds of health are important because poor physical health can affect mental health and vice versa. Maintaining a balance of exercise, nutrition, rest, and emotional care helps improve overall well-being.

COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS ASSESSMENT 10th grade 2025/2026

 

1. Healthy lifestyle is the key to success, isn’t it?

2. Sometimes friends are closer than relatives, aren’t they?

3. They say that mass-media has become faulty. Do you agree with this opinion?

4. Leisure time activities make people joyful, don’t they?

5. Some people believe that any progress is the result of human laziness. Do you agree with this idea?

6. Exams are the best way of testing students’ knowledge, aren’t they?

7. Imagine that you are the author of a TV show, dedicated to outstanding people of Belarus. Who would you invite for an interview?

8. An early bird catches the worm. Elaborate on this idea.

9. Imagine that you are a family psychologist. What pieces of advice would you provide teenager’s parents with?

10. Some experts suppose that modern technologies will control people in the near future. Elaborate on this idea.

11. People believe that our homes reflect our inner world. Do you agree with this idea?

12. There’s no bad weather, but you must be prepared for all its manifestations. Elaborate on this idea.

13. Being healthy and fit is very fashionable today, isn’t it?

14. A wise person once said: “Art is the only way to run away without leaving home.” What did they mean?

15. Men make houses, women make homes. How do you understand this proverb?

16. A wise person once said: “Life is a journey, so travel in style.” Elaborate on this idea.

17. Do you agree that every person is in charge of our planet?

18. Imagine that you can choose an ideal place of living. What would it be like?

19. Imagine that you are a professional designer, giving an interview about modern fashion tendencies. What would you pay attention to?

20. Family relationships aren’t always perfect, are they?

21. They say that the best rest is another activity. Do you agree with this idea?

22. What features of somebody’s character help realise a person’s talent?

23. Imagine that you are a psychologist. How would you characterise modern family relationships?

24. Belarus is an authentic country, isn’t it?

25. Travel is said to broaden the mind. Do you agree with this statement?

Topics for discussion: Do you agree with the statement: “England has two books, the Bible and Shakespeare. England made Shakespeare, but the Bible made England”? Give reasons and examples to support your answer.

 England’s Two Books: The Bible and Shakespeare

The saying “England has two books, the Bible and Shakespeare. England made Shakespeare, but the Bible made England” suggests that these works are central to English culture, but in different ways. Shakespeare is seen as a product of England’s history and society, while the Bible is presented as a force that shaped the nation itself. I agree with this statement to a large extent, because both the Bible and Shakespeare have had a huge influence on the English language, values, and identity, but their roles are not the same.

The Bible, especially the King James Version of 1611, has been one of the most important texts in English history. It was not only a religious book but also a cultural foundation. For centuries, the Bible was the main source of moral teaching in England. It influenced laws, education, and everyday life. The Bible helped standardize English and made it more accessible to ordinary people. Many common expressions, such as “by the skin of one’s teeth” or “labour of love”, come directly from it. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Protestantism became closely linked with English identity, especially in contrast to Catholic Europe. The Bible was at the heart of this identity, shaping how people saw themselves and their country.

In this sense, the Bible did “make” England, because it influenced the nation’s moral code, political ideas, and sense of unity.

William Shakespeare, on the other hand, was a product of the English Renaissance. His plays and poems reflect the society, politics, and human concerns of his time. Shakespeare wrote about kings, commoners, love, betrayal, and ambition — themes deeply connected to English history and culture. He expanded the English vocabulary, inventing words and expressions still used today, such as “break the ice” or “wild-goose chase”. His works were written for the theatre, a popular form of entertainment in Elizabethan England. They show the creativity and energy of the period.

In this way, Shakespeare was “made” by England — by its language, political events, and audiences.

The Bible gave England a moral and spiritual framework, while Shakespeare gave it a cultural and artistic voice.

I agree that the Bible had a deeper role in forming England’s moral and national identity, while Shakespeare was a brilliant creation of English culture. However, both are essential to understanding England’s history. Without the Bible, England’s values might have been very different; without Shakespeare, its literature would have lost one of its greatest treasures.

1. What do you think of when you see the Union Jack flag?

When I see the Union Jack, I immediately think of the United Kingdom and its history. The flag makes me imagine British traditions, such as royal ceremonies, London landmarks like Big Ben and the Tower of London, and famous cultural icons such as the Beatles. It also represents the unity of England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, combining their different symbols into one flag.

2. How do you think British people would describe their country?

British people often describe their country as diverse and culturally rich. They usually take pride in history, traditions, and the monarchy. Many would also mention the countryside with green fields and historic towns, as well as modern cities like London, which are centres of business and culture. They might say the UK is welcoming, friendly, and creative in arts, music, and literature.

3. What do you know about British food and weather?

British food is famous for traditional dishes like fish and chips, roast dinners, English breakfast, and afternoon tea with scones. However, modern British cuisine is also influenced by many international cultures. The weather in the UK is quite changeable. It is often cloudy or rainy, with mild summers and cool, sometimes snowy, winters. People often talk about the unpredictability of British weather, as it can change several times a day.

Topics for discussion: Do you agree that advertisements of toys and fast foods are obstacles to children's physical and mental development, and, at the same time, cause loss of time and money of parents.

In today’s world, advertisements are everywhere, influencing our decisions and shaping our lifestyles. Among these, advertisements for toys and fast foods are particularly targeted at children. While some argue that these ads are harmless and even entertaining, I believe they can negatively impact children’s physical and mental development and place unnecessary financial strain on parents. 

Firstly, advertisements for fast foods often promote unhealthy eating habits among children. These ads are designed to be colorful, fun, and appealing, often featuring cartoon characters or catchy jingles. As a result, children are drawn to high-calorie, low-nutrient foods such as burgers, fries, and sugary drinks. Consuming such foods regularly can lead to obesity, diabetes, and other health problems at a young age. Moreover, children may not yet have the ability to differentiate between what is healthy and what is not, making them more vulnerable to the influence of these advertisements.

Secondly, toy advertisements can affect children’s mental development by creating unrealistic expectations. Many ads portray toys as magical or life-changing, leading children to believe that owning these products will bring them happiness or social status. When these expectations are not met, children may feel disappointed or even develop a sense of entitlement. Additionally, constant exposure to such advertisements can encourage materialism, where children value possessions over experiences or relationships. This mindset can hinder their emotional growth and ability to appreciate non-material aspects of life.

From the parents’ perspective, these advertisements can lead to unnecessary expenses and stress. Children often pressure their parents to buy the latest toys or fast foods they see on TV or online. This phenomenon, known as "pester power," can cause parents to spend money on items that are not essential or beneficial. For families with limited budgets, this can create financial strain and even feelings of guilt if they are unable to fulfill their children’s demands. Furthermore, the time spent dealing with these requests or managing the consequences of unhealthy eating habits can be exhausting for parents.

On the other hand, some might argue that advertisements are simply a part of modern life and that parents should take responsibility for guiding their children. While this is true to some extent, it is important to recognize that advertisements are created by professionals who understand how to manipulate emotions and desires, especially in young minds. Expecting parents to counteract this influence entirely on their own is unrealistic and unfair.

In conclusion, advertisements for toys and fast foods can indeed pose obstacles to children’s physical and mental development while also causing financial and emotional strain for parents. To address this issue, stricter regulations on advertising to children should be implemented, and parents should be supported with resources to educate their children about media literacy. By taking these steps, we can create a healthier and more balanced environment for children to grow and thrive.

1. What is it that makes an advert effective?

2. What things do advertising companies do that might give it a bad name?

3. What are the advantages to companies of advertising on the Internet?