AEF 3. Lesson 1A. Grammar: simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs

 

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

Главное отличие заключается в том, описываете ли вы постоянное/регулярное действие или то, что происходит прямо сейчас

Название времени	Present Simple (Простое настоящее)	Present Continuous (Настоящее длительное)
Когда используется	Постоянные факты, привычки, регулярные действия, расписания.	Действия, происходящие прямо сейчас, в данный момент или в текущий период. Личные планы и договоренности на будущее
Утверждение (+)	[ Subject ] + V1 ( / -s / -es ) I work every day. He works every day.	[ Subject ] + am / is / are + V-ing I am working now. He is working now.
Отрицание (-)	[ Subject ] + don't / doesn't + V1 I don't work on weekends. He doesn't work on weekends.	[ Subject ] + am not / isn't / aren't + V-ing I am not working today. He isn't working today.
Вопрос (?)	Do / Does + [ Subject ] + V1 ? Do you work here? Does he work here?	Am / Is / Are + [ Subject ] + V-ing ? Are you working? Is he working?
Маркеры времени	always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day / week / year	now, at the moment, currently, today, look!, listen!
Ограничение по глаголам	Любые глаголы (как действия, так и состояния: know, love, run, read).	Только глаголы действия (Action). Глаголы состояния (Stative) здесь использовать нельзя.

Click here to read more

Action (Dynamic) vs Non-Action (Stative) Verbs

Все глаголы в английском можно разделить на две большие группы в зависимости от того, выражают ли они физическое действие.

Action Verbs (Глаголы действия)

Они описывают физические процессы, действия или движения, которые имеют начало и конец (например: run, eat, cook, write, sleep).

• Правило: Их можно использовать и в Present Simple, и в Present Continuous. 
• Примеры:
  • I cook dinner every Sunday. (Simple — привычка)
  • I am cooking dinner right now. (Continuous — процесс в данный момент)

Non-Action / Stative Verbs (Глаголы состояния)

Они описывают мыслительные процессы, чувства, эмоции, восприятие, чувства или владение чем-то (например: love, hate, want, need, know, believe, remember, belong). 

• Правило: Они не используются в временах Continuous, даже если ситуация происходит прямо сейчас. Вместо этого они ставятся в Present Simple. 
• Примеры:
  • ❌ I am needing some help right now. (Неверно)
  • I need some help right now. (Верно)
  • ❌ I am not believing you. (Неверно)
  • I don't believe you. (Верно) 

---

Глаголы двойного назначения (Dual Verbs)

Некоторые глаголы могут менять свое значение и быть как глаголами действия, так и глаголами состояния. От этого зависит их время: 

• Think
  • Состояние (Мнение): I think this movie is great. (= Я считаю/это мое мнение)
  • Действие (Процесс размышления): I am thinking about changing my job. (= Я размышляю об этом в данный момент) 
• Have
  • Состояние (Владение): I have a car. (= У меня есть машина)
  • Действие (Часть устойчивого выражения): I am having lunch. (= Я сейчас обедаю) / She is having a great time. 
• Taste / Smell
• Состояние (Обладать вкусом/запахом): This soup tastes delicious. (= Суп имеет отличный вкус)
• Действие (Пробовать/нюхать): The chef is tasting the soup. (= Шеф-повар физически пробует суп на вкус)

Click here to read more

Quiz created by Veronika Bebekh with GoConqr

AEF 3. Communicative: Getting to know you

AEF 3. Introduction Grammar

 

Write a similar paragraph about yourself, where you live, your work and / or studies, your hobbies, and why you are learning English.

AEF 3. Lesson 4B. Grammar: modals of obligation: must, have to, should

🌟 Краткий гид: В чем разница?

Глагол	Значение	Тип правила	Пример
Must	Обязан / Должен	Внутреннее правило или строгий закон	I must stop eating sugar. (Моё личное жесткое решение)
Have to	Вынужден / Надо	Внешнее обстоятельство или официальное правило	You have to wear a uniform at school. (Это правило школы)
Should	Следует / Стоит	Совет или рекомендация	You should visit a doctor. (Я советую, но выбор за тобой)

---

🛑 Важнейшее отличие в отрицании (Must not vs Don't have to)

Если в утвердительной форме must и have to похожи, то в отрицании их значения становятся абсолютно разными:

• Must not (mustn't) = Категорический запрет. Делать это нельзя, это опасно или противозаконно.
• You must not smoke here. (Курить здесь запрещено)
• Don't / Doesn't have to = Отсутствие необходимости. Делать это необязательно, но если хотите — можно.
• Tomorrow is Sunday, so I don't have to work. (Мне не нужно работать, у меня выходной).

---

 

AEF 3. Vocabulary Bank 1A. Food and Cooking

 

Clik here to do the exercise on 

"Food and Cooking"

Part 1: Fish and Seafood 🐟

1. How often do you buy fresh fish and seafood instead of frozen options?

2. Have you ever tried a traditional salad with crab and cucumber, or do you prefer them separately?

3. Do you think mussels taste better when they are steamed in garlic sauce or baked with cheese?

4. When you cook salmon, do you prefer it grilled over an open fire or fried in a pan?

5. What is your favorite way to prepare shrimp—do you add them to pasta or eat them with lemon juice?

6. Have you ever ordered squid rings when you eat out, or do you think they are too chewy?

7. Do you think canned tuna is a good ingredient for a quick lunch salad?

Part 2: Meat 🥩

8. Is high-quality meat too expensive in your local supermarkets nowadays?

9. Would you choose a juicy roasted beef steak or a lighter chicken dish for a family dinner?

10. Have you ever tried duck with mango sauce, or do you prefer classic meat flavor pairings?

11. In your country, is lamb usually served during special holidays, or do people eat it regularly?

12. Do you think people should cut down on pork because it is often too fatty?

Part 3: Fruits and Vegetables 🥦

13. Why is it important to include a colorful variety of fruits and vegetables in our daily diet?

14. Do you like traditional soups made with beet and cabbage, or do you find them too heavy?

15. Would you rather have a bowl of fresh cherries and grapes or a sweet peach for dessert?

16. Can you suggest a good recipe that combines eggplant (aubergine), zucchini (courgette), and red pepper?

17. Do you prefer cooking green beans as a side dish, or do you rarely buy them?

18. Is it easy to find a ripe, juicy melon or a sweet pear in your local markets during the autumn?

19. If you had to cut out all sweets, could you survive only on fresh raspberries?

AEF 1. Vocabulary Bank 9A. Food

 

Click here to do the exercise on "Food"

🍳 Breakfast

1. What time do you usually have breakfast?

2. Do you prefer white or brown bread?

3. Do you put butter on your toast?

4. Do you like cereal with cold or warm milk?

5. What is your favorite kind of cheese?

6. How many cups of coffee do you drink a day?

7. How do you like your eggs — fried or boiled?

8. Do you like strawberry jam or apricot jam?

9. Do you drink orange juice in the morning?

10. Do you add milk to your tea or coffee?

11. How much sugar do you put in your tea?

12. Do you prefer green tea or black tea?

13. Do you eat toast for breakfast?

🍽️ Lunch & Dinner 

1. Where do you usually have lunch — at home or at work?

2. What do you want to eat for dinner tonight?

3. How often do you eat fish?

4. What kind of meat do you like most: steak, chicken, or sausages?

5. Do you use olive oil for cooking?

6. Can you cook Italian pasta?

7. Do you like to eat rice with meat or vegetables?

8. Do you make a salad every day?

🥕 Vegetables

1. Why is it important to eat vegetables?

2. Do you like raw carrots?

3. How often do you buy French fries?

4. Do you put lettuce in your sandwiches?

5. Do you like pizza with mushrooms?

6. Do you cry when you cut onions?

7. Do you prefer fresh peas or canned peas?

8. Do you prefer mashed potatoes or baked potatoes?

9. Are tomatoes your favorite vegetable?

🍓 Fruit 

1. What is your favorite fruit?

2. Do you eat apples every day?

3. Are bananas good for a quick snack?

4.  Do you like sweet or sour oranges?

5. How do you cut a pineapple?

6. Do you like strawberries with cream?

🍰 Desserts 

1. Do you always eat desserts after dinner?

2. Can you bake a chocolate cake?

3. Do you add yogurt to your fruit salad?

4. What ice cream flavor do you like best?

🍿 Snacks 

1. What snacks do you usually take to school or work?

2.  Do you buy candy for children?

3. Do you prefer milk chocolate or dark chocolate?

4. Do you like to eat cookies with milk?

5.  Do you eat potato chips when you watch movies?

6.  How do you make your favorite sandwiches?

AEF 1. Communicative 4C. Adverbs board game

 

Say how often you do these activities: 

 never 

 hardly 

 ever 

 usually 

 often 

 always 

 sometimes 

 once a week 

 two or three times a week 

 every day / week