11th grade Advanced. Unit 2. Lesson 6. I wish I had chosen another career

👉Communicative area: expressing regrets about the past and present

👉Active grammar: wishes

Do you know how to use I wish and if only to talk about things you would like to change?

I WISH / IF ONLY

Конструкции I wish и If only используются в английском языке для выражения сожаления, упущенных возможностей или сильного желания изменить ситуацию. 

Главное различие: они практически взаимозаменяемы, но конструкция If only эмоционально сильнее и переводится как «Если бы только…»,  в то время как  I wish чаще переводится как «Жаль, что…» (с отрицанием исходного глагола). 

 Времена, которые используются после этих фраз:

Ситуация	Схема конструкции	Пример	Перевод
Настоящее (хотим изменить то, что есть сейчас)	I wish / If only + Past Simple/ Past Continuous	I wish I knew the answer. If only I were taller.	Жаль, что я не знаю ответа. Если бы только я был выше.
Прошлое (сожалеем о том, что уже случилось)	I wish / If only + Past Perfect	I wish I hadn't eaten so much. If only we had met sooner.	Жаль, что я так много съел. Если бы только мы встретились раньше.
Будущее / Критика (раздражает чужое поведение/погода)	I wish / If only +would+V1	I wish you would stop talking. If only it would rain.	Да перестань ты уже болтать! Если бы только пошел дождь.

💡 Важные нюансы

• Смена знака при переводе: Если английское предложение утвердительное, на русский язык I wish часто переводится отрицанием, и наоборот.
  • I wish I had a car → Жаль, что у меня нет машины. 
• Использование were вместо was: В формальной речи и тестах с местоимениями I, he, she, it используется форма were.
  • I wish she were here. (Жаль, что её здесь нет). 

Про себя и would:

Нельзя использовать would по отношению к самому себе (I wish I would... — грамматическая ошибка). Если вы хотите изменить свое поведение или возможность в будущем, используйте could.

• I wish I could go with you. (Как бы мне хотелось поехать с тобой).

Exercise 1: I wish/If only

Exercise 2: I wish / If only 

11th grade Advanced. Unit 2. Lesson 5. They wouldn't have achieved success if ....

👉Communicative area: discussing unreal past situations

👉Active grammar: Conditional III, Mixed Conditionals

👉Grammar revision: Conditional II

What would you do for our country if you had a job? Use Conditional II. Share your ideas with the class.

If + V2, would V1

Example: If I were a scientist, I’d work hard. If I worked hard,

I’d invent a cure for cancer. If I invented a cure for cancer, it would save a lot of lives.

Second Conditional (2), Third Conditional (3) и Mixed Conditionals (смешанные типы) используются для выражения нереальных, гипотетических или воображаемых ситуаций.

1. Second Conditional (Unreal Present)

Используется для нереальных или маловероятных ситуаций в настоящем или будущем (то, чего нет сейчас). 

Формула: If Past Simple, would / could / might + V1 (инфинитив без to)

(Примечание: с местоимениями I, he, she, it в классическом английском часто используется were вместо was: If I were...) 

Примеры:

• If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (Если бы я выиграл в лотерею — чего сейчас нет — я бы купил большой дом).
• If she had more time, she could travel. (Если бы у нее было больше времени сейчас...)

2. Third Conditional (Unreal Past)

Используется для нереальных ситуаций в прошлом (то, что уже произошло или не произошло, и мы сожалеем об этом или представляем альтернативу).

Формула: If Past Perfect, would / could / might + have + V3/Ved  (Past Participle)

Примеры:

• If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam. (Если бы ты учился усерднее тогда в прошлом — чего не было — ты бы сдал экзамен).
• If we had left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the train. (Если бы мы ушли раньше...). 

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3. Mixed Conditionals (Смешанные типы)

Смешанные типы объединяют элементы второго и третьего условных наклонений, когда условие и результат относятся к разному времени (например, условие в прошлом, а результат в настоящем, или наоборот).

Вариант А: Прошлое → Настоящее (Type 3 + Type 2)

Значение: Если бы что-то произошло (или не произошло) в прошлом, то сейчас (в настоящем) было бы совсем иначе. 

Формула: If Past Perfect, would / could / might +  V1  

Примеры:

• If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner now. (Если бы я тогда не получил работу в Токио — прошлое — я бы сейчас не был со своим партнером — настоящее).
• If he had taken his medicine, he wouldn't be sick today. (Если бы он выпил лекарство вчера, сегодня он бы не болел).

Вариант Б: Настоящее / Постоянное → Прошлое (Type 2 + Type 3)

Значение: Если бы какая-то ситуация была иной в целом или сейчас (постоянное качество или факт), то в прошлом всё сложилось бы по-другому. 

Формула: If Past Simple, would / could / might +  have + V3/Ved (Past Participle)    

Примеры:

• If I were more adventurous, I would have joined the trip last weekend. (Если бы я был более авантюрным человеком по жизни — настоящее/качество — я бы присоединился к поездке в прошлые выходные — прошлое).
• If he had a driving licence, he could have rented a car yesterday. (Если бы у него были водительские права вообще — он бы мог арендовать машину вчера).

11th grade Advanced. Unit 2. Lesson 4. English and Career

👉Communicative area: reading and listening for detail
👉Grammar revision: Real Conditionals

Put the words in the right order to read the quote from Frank Smith, a famous psycholinguist. Explain the meaning of the quote. What is the knowledge of a foreign language compared with? Do you agree with Frank Smith?

11th grade Advanced. Unit 2. Lesson 3. Choosing a career

👉Communicative area: speaking about factors influencing the career choice, discussing a future career

👉Active vocabulary: to follow in smb’s footsteps, peer, aspiration, influencer, to affect, to overlook, calling for, lifelong

11th grade Advanced. Unit 2. Lesson 2. Jobs: pros and cons

👉Communicative area: speaking about advantages and disadvantages of jobs

👉Active vocabulary: well-paid/badly-paid, prestigious, rewarding, challenging, tedious, backbreaking, stressful, satisfying, monotonous, repetitive, creative, secure, messy, perks and bonuses, promotion, need a lot of training, to require qualifications, flexible hours, to work from home, to do odd jobs, good / poor working conditions, to work late/long hours, to work shifts/night shifts

Do you agree with the quotation? 

I’d rather be a happy dustman than an unhappy millionaire. Unknown

Click here to listen

11th grade Advanced. Unit 2. Lesson 1. What job suits you?

👉Communicative area: speaking about jobs, personal qualities and skills
👉Active vocabulary: jobs

https://forms.gle/Er9TZjvufKNK61YZ6

Read people’s opinions. Which of them do you agree with? Justify your point of view.

All jobs are equally important.

Some jobs are more valuable to society and 

to the wellbeing of others, some simply add 

value to one’s own life.

11th grade Advanced. Unit 1. Lesson 12. Progress Check

👉Communicative area: testing your reading, listening and speaking skills

What makes a family? 

Do you think families will be different in the future?

A survey of 2,000 UK families helps to identify what a typical British family looks like today. According to its report, the average family consists of 2.1 children and has one pet, with an average salary of £29,688. However, the definition of a family is always changing as our lifestyles and society evolve. Some of the factors that contribute to these changes include health, entertainment and living spaces. As a result, a “typical” family can look very different across different eras.

We know from the past that what a “normal” family might look like can vary a lot between centuries or even decades, which is why we wanted to examine the idea of whether families in 2050 will look very different from the families of today. We explored some of our research findings with futurologist Dr Ian Pearson.

It is expected that technology will see further rapid developments that take communication to new heights. Family members who live far away will have the option to be more involved in their lives back home. According to Dr Ian Pearson, instead of having to spend time and money on travel, the development of artificial reality will allow people to mimic realistic “physical” interaction with each other while they are in fact far away. This will bring family members closer, especially over festive seasons like Christmas.

Technological and financial developments have made it easier for many people to move to different countries. Back in 2001, just over 1% of the UK population identified themselves as mixed or were characterized as such by their parents. In 2009, the mixed-race population saw an increase of 50%. According to the predictions made by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, people of mixed origins could account for 8% of the British population by 2050. It would mean that multi-racial families will become more and more common.

With better access to healthcare, growing medical achievement and stable food sources, we are able to live longer than our ancestors. According to United Nations research, life expectancy was 72.6 years in 2019 and they expect it to reach 77.1 years by 2050. While an average family today usually consists of three generations, by 2050, longer life expectancy could mean that there will be more four-generation families.

The birth rate reached its lowest level in 2018 since records began in 1938, states the Office for National Statistics. It means that by 2050, there will be more than twice as many people above 65 as children under five. Common reasons for the birth rate to drop continuously include greater participation in higher education, delaying marriage and / or partnership formation, and wanting to have a longer working career before starting a family. If this trend continues, we can expect families in 2050 to have more grandparents than children in an average household.

Social and economic factors, such as decisions about marriage, divorce, further education, work, values and more, all play a part in impacting how a typical family structure might look in 30 years. While some of these observations were made based on previous years or decades and are subject to change, it is still interesting to explore how our families might be different by 2050. Let us know whether anything about this differs from your family and what you think about the predictions.

1. What does the survey say about the “average” British family today?

2. How might the change in communication influence the family in 2050?

3. What does the article say artificial reality might allow family members who live far apart to do?

4. How could this technology be especially useful during festive seasons?

5. What change in the UK’s mixed-race population does the article report between 2001 and 2009?

6. What kind of families will become more and more common in 2050 according to the article?

7. What reasons does the article give for people living longer?8. How might longer life expectancy change the number of generations in a family?

9. What happened to the UK birth rate in 2018?

10. What demographic change is predicted for 2050 in the number of people over 65 compared with children under five?

11. What reasons for falling birth rates are mentioned in the article?

12. Why do they expect that there will be fewer children than grandparents in a typical family in 2050?